U.S. Trade by Industry Sector and Selected Trading Partners

Table US.1 U.S. total exports, general imports, and merchandise trade balance, by major industry/commodity sectors, 2012–16

	Million $
						Absolute change,	Percent change,
Item	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2015-16	2015-16
U.S. total exports:
Agricultural products	154,274	157,633	164,420	146,630	148,772	2,142	1.5
Forest products	39,832	40,839	41,169	39,061	37,962	-1,099	-2.8
Chemicals and related products	228,922	231,422	234,954	227,882	218,143	-9,739	-4.3
Energy-related products	143,379	154,463	161,165	109,703	99,414	-10,289	-9.4
Textiles and apparel	22,454	23,318	23,985	23,274	21,615	-1,659	-7.1
Footwear	1,332	1,391	1,456	1,464	1,366	-98	-6.7
Minerals and metals	163,980	160,510	152,914	135,659	128,621	-7,037	-5.2
Machinery	138,528	139,616	145,881	138,719	128,005	-10,713	-7.7
Transportation equipment	313,396	322,152	336,495	327,286	319,379	-7,907	-2.4
Electronic products	257,698	261,190	267,833	264,079	260,535	-3,544	-1.3
Miscellaneous manufactures	41,385	43,842	47,636	47,377	47,760	383	0.8
Special provisions	40,639	42,140	43,263	41,439	42,149	710	1.7
Total	1,545,821	1,578,517	1,621,172	1,502,572	1,453,721	-48,852	-3.3
U.S. general imports:
Agricultural products	123,321	126,657	136,333	136,959	139,465	2,506	1.8
Forest products	37,071	39,984	42,212	42,378	43,147	769	1.8
Chemicals and related products	237,243	236,678	251,542	260,278	259,908	-370	-0.1
Energy-related products	428,235	384,142	351,626	194,068	158,045	-36,023	-18.6
Textiles and apparel	113,860	118,003	121,687	126,548	120,312	-6,236	-4.9
Footwear	23,887	24,811	26,017	27,650	25,634	-2,016	-7.3
Minerals and metals	195,077	190,442	205,502	189,255	183,618	-5,638	-3.0
Machinery	167,784	170,227	185,530	185,858	179,627	-6,231	-3.4
Transportation equipment	363,317	375,526	404,024	426,207	418,355	-7,852	-1.8
Electronic products	415,472	421,656	439,079	449,865	450,110	246	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactures	104,750	109,936	114,426	124,842	125,058	217	0.2
Special provisions	66,250	69,925	78,388	84,326	85,904	1,578	1.9
Total	2,276,267	2,267,987	2,356,366	2,248,232	2,189,183	-59,050	-2.6
U.S. merchandise trade balance:
Agricultural products	30,953	30,976	28,087	9,672	9,307	-364	-3.8
Forest products	2,761	856	-1,043	-3,316	-5,185	-1,869	-56.3
Chemicals and related products	-8,321	-5,256	-16,588	-32,396	-41,766	-9,369	-28.9
Energy-related products	-284,856	-229,679	-190,460	-84,365	-58,631	25,733	30.5
Textiles and apparel	-91,405	-94,685	-97,702	-103,274	-98,697	4,577	4.4
Footwear	-22,554	-23,420	-24,561	-26,186	-24,268	1,918	7.3
Minerals and metals	-31,097	-29,933	-52,589	-53,597	-54,996	-1,400	-2.6
Machinery	-29,256	-30,610	-39,649	-47,139	-51,622	-4,483	-9.5
Transportation equipment	-49,921	-53,374	-67,529	-98,921	-98,976	-55	-0.1
Electronic products	-157,773	-160,466	-171,246	-185,786	-189,576	-3,790	-2.0
Miscellaneous manufactures	-63,365	-66,094	-66,789	-77,465	-77,298	167	0.2
Special provisions	-25,611	-27,785	-35,125	-42,887	-43,755	-868	-2.0
Total	-730,446	-689,470	-735,194	-745,660	-735,462	10,198	1.4

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. These reflect all official revisions of previously published data up to June 2016 (accessed March 27, 2017).

Note: Import values are based on customs value; export values are based on free along ship value, U.S. port of export. Calculations based on unrounded data. Sectors are ordered by the level of processing of the products classified within each sector.

 

US.2 All merchandise sectors: Leading changes in U.S. exports and imports, 2012–16

	Million $
						Absolute change,	Percent change,
USITC code and industry/commodity group	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2015-16	2015-16
U.S. total exports:
Increases:
AG032       Oilseeds	25,129	21,934	24,247	19,193	23,190	3,997	20.8
TE013        Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment	103,699	113,852	124,269	129,380	131,834	2,454	1.9
EP006        Natural gas and components	9,251	13,031	17,885	11,993	13,816	1,822	15.2
EL015        Semiconductors and integrated circuits	40,946	41,267	42,051	41,062	42,370	1,308	3.2
MM038A   Aluminum bars, rods, and profiles	825	985	939	930	2,098	1,168	125.5
MS019      Arms, ammunition, and armored vehicles	4,976	5,670	5,427	6,209	7,175	967	15.6
MT019A    Semiconductor manufacturing equipment	14,414	14,566	16,152	17,459	18,367	908	5.2
MT019      Semiconductor manufacturing equipment and robotics	14,952	15,171	16,748	18,026	18,928	903	5.0
MM038     Aluminum mill products	5,816	6,142	6,081	5,927	6,828	901	15.2
MM019     Natural and synthetic gemstones	18,187	20,948	23,050	20,246	21,127	881	4.4
AG003       Swine and pork	5,497	5,120	5,686	4,611	5,003	392	8.5
AG036       Infant formulas, malt extracts, and other edible preparations	5,495	6,146	6,339	6,102	6,480	378	6.2
TE007        Ignition, starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment	3,887	4,130	4,405	4,529	4,849	321	7.1
EL016        Miscellaneous electrical equipment	3,580	3,524	3,383	3,797	4,079	282	7.4
AG030       Cereals	20,368	19,958	22,389	18,528	18,810	282	1.5
MM036A   Unrefined and refined copper	876	506	866	335	606	271	80.9
AG050       Ethyl alcohol for nonbeverage purposes	1,903	1,555	2,063	1,752	2,019	267	15.3
MT018      Non-metalworking machine tools	799	739	710	710	962	253	35.6
EL006        Radio and television broadcasting equipment	1,410	1,367	1,453	1,242	1,459	217	17.4
MM032     Industrial fasteners of base metal	3,552	3,833	4,069	4,053	4,268	215	5.3
AG045       Cigarettes	357	494	506	740	952	212	28.7
MS017      Works of art and miscellaneous manufactured goods	8,137	8,493	11,016	11,915	12,116	201	1.7
FP002        Lumber	2,747	3,203	3,685	3,277	3,468	191	5.8
MM040A   Unwrought zinc	88	19	123	54	244	190	354.9
CH001       Major primary olefins	625	660	415	518	685	167	32.2
MM040     Zinc and related articles	401	325	443	351	497	147	41.8
AG015C     Vegetable seeds	695	711	752	786	923	137	17.4
EL009        Printed circuits	1,749	1,769	1,980	1,725	1,859	134	7.8
AG019       Prepared or preserved vegetables, mushrooms, and olives	3,276	3,516	3,702	3,606	3,736	130	3.6
CH020       Essential oils and other flavoring materials	2,417	2,569	2,615	2,680	2,809	129	4.8
Decreases:
EP005        Petroleum products	111,836	121,037	119,145	80,106	70,628	-9,477	-11.8
TE004        Construction and mining equipment	32,991	26,341	22,947	17,620	12,297	-5,323	-30.2
MM025     Steel mill products	18,212	17,150	17,070	13,713	11,588	-2,126	-15.5
EL017        Computers, peripherals, and parts	47,341	46,399	47,247	45,485	43,758	-1,726	-3.8
MT030      Miscellaneous machinery	12,197	12,315	12,993	12,186	10,470	-1,715	-14.1
MM020     Precious metals and non-numismatic coins	45,307	40,644	29,744	27,326	25,731	-1,595	-5.8
MM020A   Unrefined and refined gold	33,804	31,650	20,779	19,077	17,522	-1,555	-8.2
EL025        Measuring, testing, and controlling instruments	30,719	31,162	30,834	29,184	27,644	-1,541	-5.3
MT020      Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices	10,391	11,713	12,909	12,480	11,062	-1,418	-11.4
AG013       Animal feeds	12,691	14,657	14,518	13,556	12,161	-1,395	-10.3
CH019       Medicinal chemicals	51,225	51,838	54,670	58,664	57,291	-1,373	-2.3
EP003        Coal, coke, and related chemical products	17,559	13,712	10,290	6,967	5,653	-1,314	-18.9
CH006       Certain organic chemicals	19,957	20,024	19,319	16,726	15,437	-1,289	-7.7
MT023      Electric motors, generators, and related equipment	10,648	9,746	10,382	9,315	8,027	-1,289	-13.8
TE010        Certain motor-vehicle parts	44,127	45,524	45,849	47,285	46,107	-1,178	-2.5
CH005       Organic specialty chemicals	9,766	9,391	9,186	8,805	7,720	-1,085	-12.3
MT009      Farm and garden machinery and equipment	14,021	12,585	11,696	10,346	9,301	-1,044	-10.1
CH010       Fertilizers	5,878	5,458	5,064	4,816	3,789	-1,027	-21.3
TE009        Motor vehicles	70,430	74,096	77,763	70,469	69,565	-904	-1.3
CH030       Other plastics in primary forms	16,249	16,704	17,116	15,913	15,054	-859	-5.4
MT002      Air-conditioning equipment and parts	10,358	10,860	10,949	10,154	9,306	-848	-8.4
CH017       Pesticide products and formulations	5,760	6,497	6,274	6,110	5,269	-842	-13.8
MT001      Pumps for liquids	7,831	8,111	8,347	7,294	6,454	-840	-11.5
MT021      Mechanical power transmission equipment	3,491	3,448	4,844	4,633	3,811	-821	-17.7
TE014        Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels	3,574	2,722	3,441	3,174	2,395	-779	-24.5
EL002        Telecommunications equipment	33,605	36,106	38,937	40,835	40,063	-772	-1.9
MM025L   Pipes and tubes of carbon and alloy steels	4,374	4,593	4,330	2,860	2,096	-764	-26.7
TE008        Rail locomotive and rolling stock	3,848	3,875	4,051	4,183	3,425	-758	-18.1
CH007       Miscellaneous inorganic chemicals	13,878	13,527	14,412	13,874	13,121	-753	-5.4
EP002        Nuclear materials	1,866	1,227	1,097	1,628	880	-748	-46.0
U.S. general imports:
Increases:
MM020     Precious metals and non-numismatic coins	32,164	30,216	26,833	22,046	27,440	5,394	24.5
MM020A   Unrefined and refined gold	15,875	14,153	12,819	10,131	15,193	5,062	50.0
EL015        Semiconductors and integrated circuits	37,471	37,947	39,037	40,133	44,212	4,078	10.2
CH019       Medicinal chemicals	89,365	85,436	93,442	109,717	113,142	3,425	3.1
TE009        Motor vehicles	168,194	176,789	183,158	197,769	200,790	3,021	1.5
EL002        Telecommunications equipment	83,922	91,785	98,262	105,085	107,795	2,710	2.6
CH005       Organic specialty chemicals	11,661	12,785	13,662	11,923	14,613	2,690	22.6
EL022        Medical goods	32,693	34,213	36,181	37,815	40,163	2,348	6.2
MS009      Furniture	26,908	28,645	31,034	34,425	35,846	1,421	4.1
EL004        Blank and prerecorded media	4,269	4,662	5,654	6,862	8,197	1,335	19.4
CH023       Miscellaneous chemicals and specialties	4,818	5,945	5,676	5,874	7,065	1,191	20.3
FP002        Lumber	3,961	5,036	5,731	5,446	6,615	1,169	21.5
MS006      Precious jewelry and related articles	7,542	8,163	8,424	8,562	9,598	1,037	12.1
AG018       Fresh, chilled, or frozen vegetables	6,516	7,370	7,462	7,784	8,759	975	12.5
MM037A   Primary and secondary aluminum	6,666	6,375	7,172	7,202	7,939	737	10.2
MM019     Natural and synthetic gemstones	21,601	24,922	26,491	25,374	26,094	720	2.8
CH033       Miscellaneous plastic products	27,713	29,259	31,202	32,355	33,044	689	2.1
AG024       Other fresh fruit	2,942	3,239	3,532	4,076	4,741	666	16.3
EL020        Optical goods, including ophthalmic goods	9,300	9,498	10,063	10,073	10,723	650	6.5
EP002        Nuclear materials	4,171	3,846	3,178	2,826	3,440	614	21.7
TE006        Primary cells and batteries and electric storage batteries	4,665	5,113	5,511	5,588	6,166	578	10.3
CH021       Perfumes, cosmetics, and toiletries	6,891	7,627	8,167	8,298	8,867	568	6.8
MM037     Unwrought aluminum	7,945	7,608	8,483	8,376	8,936	560	6.7
MS011      Lamps and lighting fittings	7,657	8,599	9,375	10,246	10,792	546	5.3
AG034       Pasta, cereals, and other bakery goods	5,131	5,382	5,603	6,003	6,533	530	8.8
AG042       Distilled spirits	6,561	6,966	7,122	7,274	7,784	510	7.0
FP004        Wood veneer and wood panels	3,939	4,588	4,807	5,222	5,729	507	9.7
AG006       Fresh or frozen fish	6,402	6,680	7,257	7,097	7,603	506	7.1
MM028     Metal construction components	2,174	2,340	2,497	3,309	3,767	458	13.8
MS019      Arms, ammunition, and armored vehicles	3,912	4,259	3,499	3,220	3,659	439	13.6
Decreases:
EP004        Crude petroleum	315,820	273,836	246,969	126,064	101,848	-24,216	-19.2
EP005        Petroleum products	92,564	89,198	79,764	51,516	41,084	-10,432	-20.2
MM025     Steel mill products	34,231	29,117	38,156	30,428	22,251	-8,177	-26.9
EL017        Computers, peripherals, and parts	122,736	121,106	121,512	119,579	112,527	-7,052	-5.9
TX005        Apparel	85,226	88,241	90,460	93,923	88,505	-5,418	-5.8
TE013        Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment	24,134	29,398	34,264	35,067	30,667	-4,400	-12.5
CH010       Fertilizers	13,218	12,050	11,335	10,926	7,219	-3,708	-33.9
MM025L   Pipes and tubes of carbon and alloy steels	11,270	8,930	10,141	7,842	4,214	-3,628	-46.3
EL003        Consumer electronics	47,967	43,195	42,836	42,712	39,337	-3,375	-7.9
EL003A      Television receivers and video monitors	27,594	24,279	24,363	24,368	21,423	-2,946	-12.1
TE004        Construction and mining equipment	16,430	13,703	15,402	14,864	12,671	-2,192	-14.8
FW001      Footwear	23,887	24,811	26,017	27,650	25,634	-2,016	-7.3
AG002       Cattle and beef	5,353	5,418	8,060	8,768	6,770	-1,998	-22.8
MM025B   Plates, sheets, and strips of carbon and alloy steels	8,729	7,926	12,266	10,422	8,478	-1,944	-18.7
TE002        Internal combustion piston engines, other than for aircraft	28,012	26,952	30,234	30,036	28,178	-1,858	-6.2
MS017      Works of art and miscellaneous manufactured goods	12,573	13,979	14,260	17,364	15,804	-1,560	-9.0
EP006        Natural gas and components	11,481	13,036	17,070	9,454	8,008	-1,446	-15.3
MT020      Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices	13,150	13,719	15,336	14,884	13,475	-1,409	-9.5
CH007       Miscellaneous inorganic chemicals	10,185	9,288	9,844	9,386	8,173	-1,212	-12.9
TX005E      Shirts and blouses	26,082	27,488	27,848	28,638	27,586	-1,052	-3.7
MT001      Pumps for liquids	7,304	7,278	8,313	7,683	6,755	-928	-12.1
CH032       Tires and tubes	14,835	14,758	15,018	14,561	13,652	-909	-6.2
MT030      Miscellaneous machinery	11,741	11,901	13,161	13,253	12,347	-906	-6.8
MM041     Certain base metals and chemical elements	6,761	5,850	6,722	5,323	4,423	-900	-16.9
CH006       Certain organic chemicals	10,715	10,970	11,667	10,415	9,521	-894	-8.6
MT009      Farm and garden machinery and equipment	8,110	8,691	9,134	8,592	7,705	-887	-10.3
MM036     Copper and related articles	9,732	10,155	9,150	7,923	7,120	-803	-10.1
MS001      Luggage, handbags, and flat goods	9,998	10,586	10,997	11,511	10,751	-760	-6.6
TE014        Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels	1,951	1,913	1,561	2,785	2,083	-702	-25.2
EL023        Watches and clocks	4,836	5,119	5,411	5,680	5,012	-668	-11.8

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. These reflect all official revisions of previously published data up to June 2016 (accessed March 27, 2017).

Note: Import values are based on customs value; export values are based on free along ship value, U.S. port of export. Calculations based on unrounded data.

 

Table US.3 All merchandise sectors: U.S. total exports, general imports, and merchandise trade balance, by selected trading partners and groups, 2012–16

	Million $
						Absolute change,	Percent change,
Item	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2015-16	2015-16
U.S. total exports:
China	110,517	121,746	123,621	116,072	115,775	-297	-0.3
Canada	292,651	300,755	312,817	280,609	265,961	-14,648	-5.2
Mexico	215,875	225,954	240,331	235,745	230,959	-4,786	-2.0
Japan	69,976	65,237	66,876	62,443	63,264	822	1.3
Germany	48,803	47,363	49,370	49,971	49,362	-609	-1.2
South Korea	42,283	41,649	44,625	43,446	42,266	-1,179	-2.7
United Kingdom	54,860	47,361	53,848	56,115	55,396	-719	-1.3
France	30,813	31,744	31,307	30,104	30,941	838	2.8
India	22,106	21,810	21,501	21,452	21,689	237	1.1
Taiwan	24,337	25,523	26,667	25,860	26,045	185	0.7
All other	633,601	649,374	650,207	580,757	552,062	-28,695	-4.9
Total	1,545,821	1,578,517	1,621,172	1,502,572	1,453,721	-48,852	-3.3
EU-28	265,683	262,095	276,208	271,988	270,325	-1,663	-0.6
OPEC	90,044	94,145	91,106	80,146	71,177	-8,968	-11.2
Latin America	399,059	410,370	424,287	388,278	367,574	-20,704	-5.3
Asia	386,986	402,070	407,163	385,623	383,949	-1,674	-0.4
Sub-Saharan Africa	22,503	23,978	25,493	18,011	13,601	-4,409	-24.5
U.S. general imports:
China	425,619	440,430	468,484	483,245	462,813	-20,432	-4.2
Canada	324,263	332,504	349,278	296,156	278,067	-18,089	-6.1
Mexico	277,594	280,556	295,739	296,408	294,151	-2,257	-0.8
Japan	146,432	138,575	134,505	131,364	132,202	838	0.6
Germany	109,226	114,342	124,179	124,820	114,227	-10,593	-8.5
South Korea	58,899	62,370	69,680	71,759	69,932	-1,826	-2.5
United Kingdom	55,006	52,741	54,693	57,962	54,326	-3,636	-6.3
France	41,646	45,706	47,106	47,815	46,765	-1,051	-2.2
India	40,513	41,810	45,355	44,792	45,998	1,207	2.7
Taiwan	38,861	37,939	40,839	40,908	39,313	-1,595	-3.9
All other	758,210	721,013	726,508	653,004	651,389	-1,615	-0.2
Total	2,276,267	2,267,987	2,356,366	2,248,232	2,189,183	-59,050	-2.6
EU-28	382,199	387,510	420,591	427,562	416,665	-10,896	-2.5
OPEC	200,641	172,672	152,558	86,171	77,555	-8,616	-10.0
Latin America	449,385	438,985	445,994	412,283	401,965	-10,318	-2.5
Asia	849,741	865,470	914,157	943,678	928,533	-15,145	-1.6
Sub-Saharan Africa	49,624	39,294	26,785	18,841	20,132	1,291	6.9
U.S. merchandise trade balance:
China	-315,102	-318,684	-344,863	-367,173	-347,038	20,135	5.5
Canada	-31,612	-31,749	-36,461	-15,547	-12,106	3,440	22.1
Mexico	-61,719	-54,602	-55,408	-60,663	-63,192	-2,529	-4.2
Japan	-76,456	-73,338	-67,629	-68,922	-68,938	-16	(a)
Germany	-60,423	-66,978	-74,809	-74,850	-64,865	9,984	13.3
South Korea	-16,616	-20,722	-25,055	-28,313	-27,666	647	2.3
United Kingdom	-145	-5,380	-845	-1,848	1,070	2,918	(b)
France	-10,833	-13,963	-15,799	-17,712	-15,823	1,888	10.7
India	-18,407	-20,000	-23,854	-23,340	-24,309	-970	-4.2
Taiwan	-14,524	-12,416	-14,172	-15,048	-13,268	1,780	11.8
All other	-124,609	-71,639	-76,300	-72,247	-99,327	-27,080	-37.5
Total	-730,446	-689,470	-735,194	-745,660	-735,462	10,198	1.4
EU-28	-116,517	-125,415	-144,383	-155,573	-146,340	9,233	5.9
OPEC	-110,597	-78,527	-61,452	-6,025	-6,378	-352	-5.8
Latin America	-50,326	-28,615	-21,707	-24,005	-34,392	-10,386	-43.3
Asia	-462,756	-463,400	-506,994	-558,055	-544,584	13,471	2.4
Sub-Saharan Africa	-27,122	-15,316	-1,292	-830	-6,530	-5,701	-687.1

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. These reflect all official revisions of previously published data up to June 2016 (accessed March 27, 2017).

Note: Import values are based on customs value; export values are based on free along ship value, U.S. port of export. Calculations based on unrounded data. The countries shown are those with the largest total U.S. trade (U.S. imports plus U.S. exports) in these products in the current year. 

^a Less than 0.05 percent.
^b Not meaningful for purposes of comparison.