The USITC is headed by six Commissioners who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. No more than three Commissioners may be of any one political party. Currently two Democrats and three Republicans serve as Commissioners.

The Commissioners serve overlapping terms of nine years each, with a new term beginning every 18 months. The Chairman and Vice Chairman are designated by the President from among the current Commissioners for two-year terms. The Chairman and Vice Chairman must be from different political parties, and the Chairman cannot be from the same political party as the preceding Chairman.

The USITC staff of about 400 individuals includes international trade analysts (investigators and experts in particular industries), international economists, attorneys, and technical support personnel.

The current Commissioners of the USITC are: