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News Release 17-062
Inv. No(s). 337-TA-1054
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has voted to institute an investigation of certain height-adjustable desk platforms and components thereof. The products at issue in the investigation are desks which adjust in height to allow a user to sit or stand.
The investigation is based on a complaint filed by Varidesk LLC of Coppell, TX, on March 30, 2017. A letter supplementing the complaint was filed on April 21, 2017. The complaint alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain height-adjustable desk platforms and components thereof that infringe patents asserted by the complainant. The complainant requests that the USITC issue a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders.
The USITC has identified the following as respondents in this investigation:
Lumi Legend Corporation of Ningbo, China;
Innovative Office Products LLC of Easton, PA;
Ergotech Group LLC of Easton, PA;
Transform Partners LLC (dba Mount-It!) of San Diego, CA;
Monoprice, Inc., of Rancho Cucamonga, CA;
Ningbo Loctek Visual Technology Corporation of Ningbo, China;
Zhejiang Loctek Smart Drive Technology Co., Ltd., of Ningbo, China;
Loctek Inc. of Fremont, CA;
Zoxou, Inc., of Fremont, CA; and
Flexispot of Livermore, CA.
By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1054), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.
The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.
News Release 17-061
Inv. No(s). 337-TA-1053
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has voted to institute an investigation of certain two-way radio equipment and systems, related software, and components thereof. The products at issue in the investigation are “push-to-talk” radio devices and related support devices such as repeaters, base stations, and dispatch stations.
The investigation is based on a complaint filed by Motorola Solutions, Inc., of Chicago, IL, on March 29, 2017. The complaint alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain two-way radio equipment and systems, related software and components thereof that allegedly infringe patents asserted by the complainant. The complainant requests that the USITC issue a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders.
The USITC has identified the following as respondents in this investigation:
Hytera Communications Corp. Ltd. of China;
Hytera America, Inc., of Miramar, FL; and
Hytera Communications America (West), Inc., of Irvine, CA.
By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1053), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.
The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.
News Release 17-060
Inv. No(s). 337-TA-1052
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has voted to institute an investigation of certain thermoplastic encapsulated electric motors, components thereof, and products and vehicles containing same. The products at issue in the investigation are different types of electric motors or parts of electric motors that are encapsulated in a heat resistant plastic body or a body with heat resistant characteristics, which include motors (e.g., pumps in power steering units) used in various parts of automobiles (e.g., pumps in power steering units).
The investigation is based on a complaint filed by Intellectual Ventures II LLC of Bellevue, WA, March 21, 2017. The complaint alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain thermoplastic encapsulated electric motors, components thereof, and products and vehicles containing same that allegedly infringe patents asserted by the complainant. The complainant requests that the USITC issue a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders.
The USITC has identified the following as respondents in this investigation:
Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., of Aichi, Japan;
Aisin Holdings of America, Inc., of Seymour, IN;
Aisin Technical Center of America, Inc., of Northville, MI;
Aisin World Corporation of America, of Northville, MI;
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, of Munich, Germany;
BMW of North America, LLC, of Woodcliff Lake, NJ;
BMW Manufacturing Co., LLC, of Greer, SC;
Denso Corporation of Aichi, Japan;
Denso International America, Inc., of Southfield, MI;
Honda Motor Co., Ltd., of Tokyo, Japan;
Honda North America, Inc., of Torrance, CA;
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., of Torrance, CA;
Honda of America Mfg., Inc., of Marysville, OH;
Honda Manufacturing of Alabama, LLC, of Lincoln, AL;
Honda R&D Americas, Inc., of Torrance, CA;
Mitsuba Corporation of Gunma, Japan;
American Mitsuba Corporation, of Mount Pleasant, MI;
Nidec Corporation of Kyoto, Japan;
Nidec Automotive Motor Americas, LLC, of Auburn Hills, MI;
Toyota Motor Corporation, of Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan;
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., of New York, NY;
Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., of Torrance, CA;
Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc., of Erlanger, KY;
Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Indiana, Inc., of Princeton, IN; and
Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc., of Georgetown, KY.
By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1052), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.
The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.
News Release 17-059
Inv. No(s). 731-TA-540 and 541 (Fourth Review)
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) today determined that revoking the existing antidumping duty orders on welded ASTM A-312 stainless steel pipe from Korea and Taiwan would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury within a reasonably foreseeable time.
As a result of the Commission’s affirmative determinations, the existing antidumping duty orders on imports of this product from Korea and Taiwan will remain in place.
Chairman Rhonda K. Schmidtlein, Vice Chairman David S. Johanson, and Commissioners Irving A. Williamson, Meredith M. Broadbent, and F. Scott Kieff voted in the affirmative.
Today’s action comes under the five-year (sunset) review process required by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act. See the attached page for background on these five-year (sunset) reviews.
The Commission’s public report Welded ASTM A-312 Stainless Steel Pipe from Korea and Taiwan, Inv. Nos. 731-TA-540-541 (Fourth Review), USITC Publication 4687, May 2017, will contain the views of the Commission and information developed during the reviews.
The report will be available by June 2, 2017; when available, it may be accessed on the USITC website at: http://pubapps.usitc.gov/applications/publogs/qry_publication_loglist.asp.
BACKGROUND
The Uruguay Round Agreements Act requires the Department of Commerce to revoke an antidumping or countervailing duty order, or terminate a suspension agreement, after five years unless the Department of Commerce and the USITC determine that revoking the order or terminating the suspension agreement would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping or subsidies (Commerce) and of material injury (USITC) within a reasonably foreseeable time.
The Commission’s institution notice in five-year reviews requests that interested parties file responses with the Commission concerning the likely effects of revoking the order under review as well as other information. Generally within 95 days from institution, the Commission will determine whether the responses it has received reflect an adequate or inadequate level of interest in a full review. If responses to the USITC’s notice of institution are adequate, or if other circumstances warrant a full review, the Commission conducts a full review, which includes a public hearing and issuance of questionnaires.
The Commission generally does not hold a hearing or conduct further investigative activities in expedited reviews. Commissioners base their injury determination in expedited reviews on the facts available, including the Commission’s prior injury and review determinations, responses received to its notice of institution, data collected by staff in connection with the review, and information provided by the Department of Commerce.
The five-year (sunset) reviews concerning Welded ASTM A-312 Stainless Steel Pipe from Korea and Taiwan were instituted on November 1, 2016.
On February 6, 2017, the Commission voted to conduct expedited reviews. All six Commissioners concluded in both reviews that the domestic group response was adequate and that the respondent group response was inadequate and voted for expedited reviews.
A record of the Commission’s vote to conduct expedited reviews is available from the Office of the Secretary, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20436. Requests may be made by telephone by calling 202-205-1802.
News Release 17-058
Inv. No(s). 337-TA-1051
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has voted to institute an investigation of certain LTE wireless communication devices and components thereof. The products at issue include mobile phones.
The investigation is based on a complaint filed by LG Electronics, Inc., of Seoul, Republic of Korea; LG Electronics Alabama, Inc., of Huntsville, AL; and LG Electronics MobileComm U.S.A., Inc. of Englewood Cliffs, NJ, on March 27, 2017. The complaint alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain LTE wireless communication devices and components thereof that allegedly infringe patents asserted by the complainants. The complainants request that the USITC issue a limited exclusion order and a cease and desist order.
The USITC has identified the following as respondents in this investigation:
BLU Products, Inc., of Doral, FL; and
CT Miami, LLC, of Doral, FL.
By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1051), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.
The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.
News Release 17-057
Inv. No(s). 701-TA-558 and 731-TA-1316 (Final)
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) today determined that a U.S. industry is materially injured by reason of imports of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) from China that the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) has determined are subsidized and sold in the United States at less than fair value.
Chairman Rhonda K. Schmidtlein, Vice Chairman David S. Johanson, and Commissioners Irving A. Williamson, Meredith M. Broadbent, and F. Scott Kieff voted in the affirmative.
As a result of the USITC’s affirmative determinations, Commerce will issue antidumping and countervailing duty orders on imports of this product from China.
The Commission’s public report 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic Acid (HEDP) from China (Investigation Nos. 701-TA-558 and 731-TA-1316 (Final), USITC Publication 4686, May 2017) will contain the views of the Commission and information developed during the investigation.
The report will be available by May 29, 2017; when available, it may be accessed on the USITC website at: http://pubapps.usitc.gov/applications/publogs/qry_publication_loglist.asp.
UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20436
FACTUAL HIGHLIGHTS
1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic acid (“HEDP”) from China
Investigation Nos. 701-TA-558 and 731-TA-1316 (Final)
Product Description: HEDP is an odorless, colorless to yellowish acidic liquid organic phosphorus chemical compound used principally in industrial cooling water treatment where it is particularly effective in preventing harmful mineral scale buildup in cooling tower water and other process equipment. The product is sold largely in 60 percent aqueous industrial grade acidic solution, although the scope extends to all purity levels and concentrations of aqueous acidic (non-neutralized) HEDP. The aqueous product is stable across a wide range of temperatures, pH, and chlorine levels, and in addition to its major use in commercial cooling water systems, it also finds effective use in reverse osmosis desalination, sequestration (stabilization) of metal ions that color water and stain surfaces, and serves to also stabilize bar soap and antimicrobial agent formulations. HEDP is a reaction product of phosphorous acid and acetic anhydride, in which salable acetic acid byproduct is also produced, or may also be produced by reacting other phosphorus chemicals with concentrated glacial acetic acid.
Status of Proceedings:
1. Type of investigations: Final antidumping and countervailing duty.
2. Petitioner: Compass Chemical International, LLC, Smyrna, GA.
3. Investigations instituted by the USITC: March 31, 2016.
4. USITC hearing: March 23, 2017.
5. USITC vote: April 21, 2017.
6. USITC views to the U.S. Department of Commerce: May 8, 2017.
U.S. Industry:
1. Number of producers in 2016: One.
2. Location of producer’s plant: Georgia.
3. Employment of production and related workers in 2016: [1]
4. Apparent U.S. consumption in 2016: 1
5. Ratio of the value of total U.S. imports to total U.S. consumption in 2016: 1
U.S. Imports:
1. From the subject country during 2016: 1
2. From other countries during 2016: 1
3. Leading sources during 2016: 1
News Release 17-056
Inv. No(s). 701-TA-570 and 731-TA-1346 (Preliminary)
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) today determined that there is a reasonable indication that a U.S. industry is materially injured by reason of imports of aluminum foil from China are allegedly subsidized and sold in the United States at less than fair value.
Chairman Rhonda K. Schmidtlein, Vice Chairman David S. Johanson, and Commissioners Irving A. Williamson, Meredith M. Broadbent, and F. Scott Kieff voted in the affirmative.
As a result of the Commission’s affirmative determinations, the U.S. Department of Commerce will continue to conduct its antidumping and countervailing duty investigations on imports of this product from China, with its preliminary countervailing duty determination due on or about June 2, 2017, and its preliminary antidumping duty determination due on or about August 16, 2017.
The Commission’s public report Aluminum Foil from China, Inv. Nos. 701-TA-570 and 731-TA-1346 (Preliminary), USITC Publication 4684, May 2017) will contain the views of the Commission and information developed during the investigations.
The report will be available after May 22, 2017. After that date, it may be accessed on the USITC website at: http://pubapps.usitc.gov/applications/publogs/qry_publication_loglist.asp.
UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20436
FACTUAL HIGHLIGHTS
Aluminum Foil from China
Investigation Nos. 701-TA-570 and 731-TA-1346 (Preliminary)
Product Description: Aluminum foil is a thin wrought aluminum product that is produced via a rolling process. It has a thickness of 0.2 mm or less, in reels exceeding 25 pounds, regardless of width. It is made from an aluminum alloy that contains more than 92 percent aluminum. Aluminum foil in this instance specifically excludes product that is backed with paper, paperboard, plastics, or similar backing materials on only one side of the aluminum foil, as well as etched capacitor foil and aluminum foil that is cut to shape. Aluminum foil is used in food and pharmaceutical packaging and in industrial applications such as thermal insulation, cables, and electronics.
Status of Proceedings:
1. Type of investigations: Preliminary antidumping and countervailing duty.
2. Petitioners: The Aluminum Association Trade Enforcement Working Group, Arlington, VA on behalf of: JW Aluminum Company, Goose Creek, SC; Novelis North America, Atlanta, GA; and Reynolds Consumer Products, Lake Forest, IL.
3. Preliminary investigations instituted by the USITC: March 9, 2017.
4. Commission’s conference: March 30, 2017.
5. USITC vote: April 21, 2017.
6. USITC determinations to the U.S. Department of Commerce: April 24, 2017.
7. USITC views to the U.S. Department of Commerce: May 1, 2017.
U.S. Industry:
1. Number of producers in 2016: 5.
2. Location of producers’ plants: Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia.
3. Employment of production and related workers in 2016: 1,693.
4. Apparent U.S. consumption in 2016: 662,391 short tons.
5. Ratio of the value of total U.S. imports to total U.S. consumption in 2016: 36.6.
U.S. Imports:
1. From the subject country during 2016: $431.5 million.
2. From other countries during 2016: $226.5 million.
3. Leading sources during 2016: China, Germany, Russia, and Armenia (in terms of total quantity).
News Release 17-055
Inv. No(s). 701-TA-567-569 and 731-TA-1343-1345 (Preliminary)
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) today determined that there is a reasonable indication that a U.S. industry is materially injured by reason of imports of silicon metal from Australia, Brazil, and Norway that are allegedly sold in the United States at less than fair value and from Australia, Brazil, and Kazakstan that are allegedly subsidized by the governments of Australia, Brazil, and Kazakhstan.
Chairman Rhonda K. Schmidtlein, Vice Chairman David S. Johanson, and Commissioners Irving A. Williamson, Meredith M. Broadbent, and F. Scott Kieff voted in the affirmative.
As a result of the Commission’s affirmative determinations, the U.S. Department of Commerce will continue to conduct its antidumping duty investigations on imports of this product from Australia, Brazil, and Norway and its countervailing duty investigations on imports of this product from Australia, Brazil, and Kazakhstan, with its countervailing duty determinations due on or about June 1, 2017, and its preliminary antidumping duty determinations due on or about August 15, 2017.
The Commission’s public report Silicon Metal from Australia, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Norway, Inv. Nos. 701-TA-567-569 and 731-TA-1343-1345 (Preliminary), USITC Publication 4685, May 2017) will contain the views of the Commission and information developed during the investigations.
The report will be available after May 22, 2017. After that date, it may be accessed on the USITC website at: http://pubapps.usitc.gov/applications/publogs/qry_publication_loglist.asp.
UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20436
FACTUAL HIGHLIGHTS
Silicon Metal from Australia, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Norway
Investigation Nos. 701-TA-567-569 and 731-TA-1343-1345 (Preliminary)
Product Description: The scope in these investigations includes all forms and sizes of silicon metal, including silicon metal powder. Silicon metal contains at least 85.00 percent but less than 99.99 percent silicon, and less than 4.00 percent iron, by actual weight. Semiconductor grade silicon (containing at least 99.99 percent silicon by actual weight) is excluded. Silicon metal is principally used as an alloying agent in aluminum production and by the chemical industry as an input in the production of silicones and to produce polysilicon. Silicones are used for a variety of applications including resins, lubricants, plastomers, anti-foaming agents, and water-repellent compounds. Silicon metal is consumed as the base material for making polysilicon, a very high purity form of silicon that is primarily used in semiconductors and solar cells.
Status of Proceedings:
1. Type of investigations: Preliminary antidumping and countervailing duty.
2. Petitioners: Globe Specialty Metals, Inc., Beverly, Ohio.
3. Preliminary investigations instituted by the USITC: March 8, 2017.
4. Commission’s conference: March 29, 2017.
5. USITC vote: April 21, 2017.
6. USITC determinations to the U.S. Department of Commerce: April 24, 2017.
7. USITC views to the U.S. Department of Commerce: May 1, 2017.
U.S. Industry:
1. Number of producers in 2016: Three.
2. Location of producers’ plants: Alabama, Mississippi, New York, Ohio, and West Virginia.
3. Employment of production and related workers in 2016: [1]
4. Apparent U.S. consumption in 2016: 1
5. Ratio of the value of total U.S. imports to total U.S. consumption in 2016: 1
U.S. Imports:
1. From the subject countries during 2016: $240.7 million.
2. From other countries during 2016: $126.8 million.
3. Leading sources during 2016: Brazil, South Africa, Canada, Australia, and Norway (in terms of total value).
News Release 17-054
Inv. No(s). 337-TA-1050
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has voted to institute an investigation of certain dental ceramics, products thereof, and methods of making the same. The products at issue in the investigation are dental ceramics that have certain desirable properties (e.g. easy fabrication and shaping of dental restorations; high strength and durability; and a more natural tooth-like appearance).
The investigation is based on a complaint filed by Ivoclar Vivadent AG of Schaan, Liechtenstein; Ivoclar Vivident, Inc., of Amherst, NY; and Ardent, Inc., of Amherst, NY, on March 17, 2017. A supplement to the complaint was filed on April 3, 2017. The complaint, as supplemented, alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain dental ceramics, products thereof, and methods of making the same that allegedly infringe patents asserted by the complainants. The complainants request that the USITC issue a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders.
The USITC has identified the following as respondents in this investigation:
GC Corporation of Tokyo, Japan; and
GC America, Inc., of Alsip, IL.
By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1050), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.
The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.
News Release 17-052
Inv. No(s). 337-TA-1049
Contact: Peg O'Laughlin, 202-205-1819
The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has voted to institute an investigation of certain digital cable and satellite products, set-top boxes, gateways, and components thereof. The products at issue in the investigation include set-top boxes supplied to Comcast for its Xfinity brand, set-top boxes supplied to DIRECTV for its Genie brand, and media or telephone gateway products.
The investigation is based on a complaint filed by Sony Corporation of Tokyo, Japan, and Sony Electronics Inc. of San Diego, CA, on March 10, 2017. The complaint alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain digital cable and satellite products, set-top boxes, gateways, and components thereof, described above, that allegedly infringe patents asserted by the complainants. The complainants request that the USITC issue an exclusion order and cease and desist orders.
The USITC has identified the following as respondents in this investigation:
ARRIS Intemational plc of Suwanee, GA;
ARRIS Group, Inc., of Suwanee, GA;
ARRIS Technology, Inc., of Horsham, PA;
ARRIS Enterprises LLC of Suwanee, GA;
ARRIS Solutions, Inc., of Suwanee, GA;
ARRIS Global Ltd. (formerly Pace Ltd.) of Saltaire, West Yorkshire, England;
Pace Americas, LLC, of Boca Raton, FL;
Pace Americas Holdings, Inc., of Boca Raton, FL;
Pace USA LLC of Boca Raton, FL; and
Pace Americas Investments, LLC, of Boca Raton, FL.
By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1049), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.
The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.