Artificial intelligence (AI) is a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. AI systems use machine- and humanbased inputs to perceive real and virtual environments; abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner; and use model inference to formulate options for information or action.
In 2020, Congress enacted the AI in Government Act of 2020 [PDF] (Pub. L. No. 116-260, div. U, title 1, § 104 (codified at 40 U.S.C. § 11301 note)). Two years later, Congress enacted the Advancing American AI Act [PDF] (Pub. L. No. 117-263, div. G, title LXXII, subtitle B, §§ 7224(a), 7224(d)(1)(B), and 7225 (codified at 40 U.S.C. 11301 note)). The Federal Government has issued guidance on agency’s use of AI. On January 23, 2025, the White House issued Executive Order 14179, “Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence.” On April 3, 2025, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released Memorandum M-25-21, “Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust” [PDF]. This memorandum provides guidance for federal agencies on adopting AI technologies responsibly and efficiently while managing risks from the use of AI, particularly those with high impact.
Following the issuance of OMB M-25-21, the U.S. International Trade Commission (the Commission) re-designated William Powers as Chief AI Officer (CAIO) and retained the AI Governance Board (AIGB) to oversee the implementation of AI policies.