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Author(s)
David Coffin, Jeff Walling
This paper analyzes global sales and trade trends for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and BEV batteries as well as the U.S. BEV battery supply chain. It finds that global BEV sales and trade in BEVs and BEV batteries have grown significantly since 2018, with China leading in BEV sales, production, and battery exports. U.S. sales of BEVs have grown considerably during this period but continue to trail China and the European Union (EU). Production of U.S. BEVs grew faster than U.S. battery production, leading to increased use of imported battery cells in 2022 and 2023. As of 2023, U.S. BEV battery production relies on imports for cathodes, anodes, and other battery components. This paper also includes evidence that a sharp increase in U.S. investment in BEV, BEV battery, and battery component production—due to increased demand and incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act—will likely lead to U.S. content composing a greater share of content in BEVs produced in the United States.